| Forensic Experts – Gas

In the 90’s a large number of gas contracts were dealt. Re-opener clauses gave rise to continuing disputes between buyer and seller.

Other factors that contributed to gas disputes have been:

– Lower domestic demand in Europe because of the crisis and the overflowing power generation
– Increased international transit of LNG tankers providing greater trading and liquidity at the level of international markets
– Opportunities for price differentials with other markets (mostly Asia), which initially involves diversion of cargoes subject to European destinations

Netvalue Forensic has a huge experience in international gas arbitrations, primarily in contracts with re-opener clauses.

| Forensic Experts – Oil

Oil industry includes global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel (fuel oil) and gasoline. Oil is the raw material for many chemical products, including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics.

The oil industry is usually divided into three phases:
– Upstream: Exploration & extraction.
– Midstream: transportation, and storage processes.
– Downstream: Refining, selling and distribution.